The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is basically in charge of establishing communication between two devices. More technically speaking, it is an open signaling protocol used to establish, modify and terminate communication sessions over an IP network together with two RTP / RTCP protocols and the SDP (Session Description Protocol) protocol.
The SIP protocol does not encode the audio information in a phone call, nor does it carry audio information. Instead, the Session Initiation Protocol is just that: it starts and ends communication sessions, whether the session is a voice call between two people or a video conference between an entire team. SIP is a protocol independent of the media it is not voice, nor video and neither data you could say anything. Although it mainly applies to VoIP, but at the same time it is not.
SIP bears a significant resemblance to the HTTP protocol, making it easier to understand and troubleshoot. SIP is also independent of the medium used. It can work for both voice, video or instant messaging. The messages are text-based and the request-response mechanism makes error resolution very easy.
Just as you would never connect a computer to the Internet without configuring the proper security tools (Firewall, antivirus), a SIP (VoIP) user also needs protection against malicious activity. SIP has many mechanisms to secure your communication. For example, a SIP call can be encrypted via TLS and SRTP; and better performing VoIP communications solutions can block SIP attacks by blacklisting some malicious IP addresses.
In addition to this, we have some components, such as a Session Border Controller (SBC), they can be implemented as protection for remote entities following the same principle as a Network Firewall but in this case for SIP giving an extra point to this protocol since many of us seek safety above all else.
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